{"id":107,"date":"2025-04-11T11:06:38","date_gmt":"2025-04-11T03:06:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/120.55.184.7\/?p=107"},"modified":"2025-04-16T18:24:43","modified_gmt":"2025-04-16T10:24:43","slug":"golang-gorm-%e5%ba%93","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beijian99.top\/?p=107","title":{"rendered":"Golang GORM \u5e93"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. GORM \u7b80\u4ecb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>GORM \u662f Go \u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04(ORM)\u5e93\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7c7b\u578b\u5982 MySQL\u3001PostgreSQL\u3001SQLite \u548c SQL Server\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6a21\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001CRUD \u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u7b49<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5168\u81ea\u52a8\u7684 ORM \u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u652f\u6301\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u6620\u5c04<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6784\u9020\u5668\uff1a\u652f\u6301\u94fe\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u6784\u9020\u67e5\u8be2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8fc1\u79fb\u5de5\u5177\uff1a\u652f\u6301\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u5220\u9664<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u94a9\u5b50\u51fd\u6570\uff1a\u5141\u8bb8\u5728 CRUD \u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u9636\u6bb5\u6267\u884c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u903b\u8f91<strong>1<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u5b89\u88c5\u4e0e\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5b89\u88c5 GORM<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>go go get -u gorm.io\/gorm\ngo get -u gorm.io\/driver\/mysql  <em>\/\/ \u6839\u636e\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u5e94\u9a71\u52a8<\/em><\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><\/pre>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: go; gutter: true; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\npackage main\n\nimport (\n    &quot;gorm.io\/driver\/mysql&quot;\n    &quot;gorm.io\/gorm&quot;\n    &quot;log&quot;\n)\n\nfunc main() {\n    dsn := &quot;user:password@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)\/dbname?charset=utf8mb4&amp;parseTime=true&amp;loc=Local&quot;\n    db, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &amp;gorm.Config{})\n    if err != nil {\n        log.Fatal(err)\n    }\n    \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528 db \u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\n}\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u6a21\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u57fa\u672c\u6a21\u578b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><\/pre>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: go; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ntype User struct {\n    ID        uint   `gorm:&quot;primaryKey&quot;`\n    Name      string `gorm:&quot;size:255&quot;`\n    Email     string `gorm:&quot;uniqueIndex&quot;`\n    CreatedAt time.Time\n    UpdatedAt time.Time\n}\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4f7f\u7528 gorm.Model<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><\/pre>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: go; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ntype User struct {\n    gorm.Model  \/\/ \u5305\u542b ID, CreatedAt, UpdatedAt, DeletedAt \u5b57\u6bb5\n    Name string\n}\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u8868\u540d\u548c\u5217\u540d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><\/pre>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: go; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nfunc (User) TableName() string {\n    return &quot;users&quot;\n}\n\ntype User struct {\n    ID uint `gorm:&quot;column:user_id&quot;`\n    \/\/ \u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u6bb5...\n}\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u57fa\u672c CRUD \u64cd\u4f5c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u521b\u5efa\u8bb0\u5f55<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><\/pre>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: go; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nuser := User{Name: &quot;John&quot;, Email: &quot;john@example.com&quot;}\nresult := db.Create(&amp;user)\nif result.Error != nil {\n    log.Fatal(result.Error)\n}\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u67e5\u8be2\u8bb0\u5f55<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><\/pre>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: go; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\n\/\/ \u67e5\u8be2\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\nvar user User\ndb.First(&amp;user)\n\n\/\/ \u6839\u636e\u4e3b\u952e\u67e5\u8be2\ndb.First(&amp;user, 1)\n\n\/\/ \u6761\u4ef6\u67e5\u8be2\ndb.Where(&quot;name = ?&quot;, &quot;John&quot;).First(&amp;user)\n\n\/\/ \u67e5\u8be2\u6240\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\nvar users &#x5B;]User\ndb.Find(&amp;users)\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u66f4\u65b0\u8bb0\u5f55<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><\/pre>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: go; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\n\/\/ \u66f4\u65b0\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\ndb.Model(&amp;user).Update(&quot;Name&quot;, &quot;Jane&quot;)\n\n\/\/ \u66f4\u65b0\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\ndb.Model(&amp;user).Updates(User{Name: &quot;Jane&quot;, Email: &quot;jane@example.com&quot;})\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5220\u9664\u8bb0\u5f55<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><\/pre>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: go; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ndb.Delete(&amp;user)\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>GORM \u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Has One (\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Has Many (\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Belongs To (\u4ece\u5c5e)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Many To Many (\u591a\u5bf9\u591a)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><\/pre>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: go; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ntx := db.Begin()\nif err := tx.Create(&amp;user).Error; err != nil {\n    tx.Rollback()\n    return err\n}\ntx.Commit()\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u94a9\u5b50\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>GORM \u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u79cd\u94a9\u5b50\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>BeforeCreate \/ AfterCreate<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>BeforeSave \/ AfterSave<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>BeforeUpdate \/ AfterUpdate<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>BeforeDelete \/ AfterDelete<strong>3<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u9884\u52a0\u8f7d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><\/pre>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: go; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ndb.Preload(&quot;Profile&quot;).First(&amp;user)\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \u81ea\u52a8\u8fc1\u79fb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><\/pre>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: go; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ndb.AutoMigrate(&amp;User{})\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. \u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u5efa\u8bae<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6279\u91cf\u63d2\u5165\u4f7f\u7528&nbsp;<code>CreateInBatches<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528&nbsp;<code>Select<\/code>&nbsp;\u548c&nbsp;<code>Omit<\/code>&nbsp;\u63a7\u5236\u5199\u5165\u5b57\u6bb5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u9884\u52a0\u8f7d\u907f\u514d N+1 \u67e5\u8be2\u95ee\u9898<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. \u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u65f6\u95f4\u5904\u7406\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd DSN \u4e2d\u5305\u542b&nbsp;<code>parseTime=true<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528&nbsp;<code>charset=utf8mb4<\/code>&nbsp;\u652f\u6301\u5b8c\u6574 UTF-8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5b57\u6bb5\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6807\u7b7e\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. \u5b8c\u6574\u793a\u4f8b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><\/pre>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: go; gutter: true; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\npackage main\n\nimport (\n    &quot;fmt&quot;\n    &quot;log&quot;\n    &quot;time&quot;\n    \n    &quot;gorm.io\/driver\/mysql&quot;\n    &quot;gorm.io\/gorm&quot;\n)\n\ntype User struct {\n    ID        uint\n    Name      string\n    Email     string\n    CreatedAt time.Time\n}\n\nfunc main() {\n    dsn := &quot;user:password@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)\/dbname?charset=utf8mb4&amp;parseTime=true&amp;loc=Local&quot;\n    db, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &amp;gorm.Config{})\n    if err != nil {\n        log.Fatal(err)\n    }\n    \n    \/\/ \u81ea\u52a8\u8fc1\u79fb\n    db.AutoMigrate(&amp;User{})\n    \n    \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u8bb0\u5f55\n    user := User{Name: &quot;Alice&quot;, Email: &quot;alice@example.com&quot;}\n    db.Create(&amp;user)\n    \n    \/\/ \u67e5\u8be2\u8bb0\u5f55\n    var result User\n    db.First(&amp;result, user.ID)\n    fmt.Printf(&quot;User: %+v\\n&quot;, result)\n}\n<\/pre><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04 1. GORM \u7b80\u4ecb GORM \u662f Go \u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04(ORM)\u5e93\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":423,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[121,139],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-107","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-golang","category-mysql"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/beijian99.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/beijian99.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/beijian99.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beijian99.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beijian99.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=107"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/beijian99.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":466,"href":"https:\/\/beijian99.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107\/revisions\/466"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beijian99.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/423"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/beijian99.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=107"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beijian99.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=107"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beijian99.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=107"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}